Short Haul – The Methodology Calculations for Fuel Cost Saving
The methodology used to estimate the annual fuel cost savings from reducing a typical short-haul aircraft weight by 1 kg.
Establishing the Assumptions
Before diving into the math, we start by laying out all the assumptions:
- Flight Distance for a Typical Short-Haul Aircraft: 1,140 km per flight.
- Fuel Savings Factor: It is assumed that reducing the weight by 1 kg saves about 3 grams (0.003 kg) of fuel per kilometre flown. This rule-of-thumb is based on typical performance data and aerodynamic considerations.
- Flight Frequency: 4-6 flights per day (average 5 flights per day).
- Annual Flight Distance: 1.8 million km per year.
- Fuel Cost: $0.675 per kg of fuel.
- Weight Reduction: 1 kg.
These assumptions simplify the real-world complexities of aircraft operations but provide a good baseline for estimation.
Calculating Fuel Savings per Flight
The first step is to determine how much fuel is saved on a single flight when the aircraft’s weight is reduced by 1 kg.
Step 2.1: Apply the Fuel Savings Factor
For every kilometre flown, a 1 kg weight reduction saves 0.003 kg of fuel. Therefore, for a flight covering 1,140 km:
- Fuel saved per flight: 1,140 km × 0.003 kg/km = 3.42 kg.
Thus, each flight saves approximately 3.42 kg of fuel.
Estimating Annual Fuel Savings
Next, we extend the per-flight savings to an annual figure by incorporating the number of flights the aircraft makes in a year.
Step 3.1: Multiply by Annual Flight Frequency
- Annual flights: 5 flights/day × 365 days/year = 1,825 flights/year.
- Annual fuel savings: 3.42 kg/flight × 1,825 flights = 6,241.5 kg.
So, over the course of one year, a 1 kg weight reduction would save approximately 6,241.5 kg of fuel.
Converting Fuel Savings into Cost Savings
Finally, we translate the fuel savings into a monetary value using the given fuel cost.
Step 4.1: Multiply by Fuel Cost per Kilogram
- Annual cost savings: 6,241.5 kg × $0.675 per kg ≈ $4,210.
Rounded off, the annual savings are roughly $4,210.
Integrating Findings from the First Methodology
Based on the first methodology, we know that a 1 kg weight reduction yields significant financial savings and emissions impact:
- Financial Savings: $20,000 for 1 kg weight reduction.
- Emissions Impact: 0.0945 kg of CO2 per 1,000 km for 1 kg weight reduction.
Updated Calculations for 1 kg Weight Reduction
- Annual Fuel Savings:
-
- Fuel saved per flight: 3.42 kg.
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- Annual fuel savings: 3.42 kg/flight × 1,825 flights = 6,241.5 kg.
- Annual Cost Savings:
-
- Annual cost savings: 6,241.5 kg × $0.675 per kg ≈ $4,210.
- Emissions Savings:
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- CO2 savings: 0.0945 kg of CO2 per 1,000 km for 1 kg weight reduction.
Considerations and Caveats
- Rule-of-Thumb Estimate: The factor of 0.003 kg fuel saved per km per 1 kg weight reduction is a simplified estimate. Actual savings can vary based on flight conditions, aircraft configuration, and operational procedures.
- Flight Profile Variability: Different flight distances, altitudes, or weather conditions could alter the fuel burn rate.
- Operational Factors: The frequency of flights, actual route distances, and variations in fuel prices can all impact the final cost savings.
- Aerodynamic and Engine Efficiency: The effect of weight reduction is non-linear in practice; changes in drag and engine performance might slightly alter the savings compared to this simple calculation.
Conclusion
In summary, under the assumed conditions—a 1,140 km short-haul flight on a typical short-haul aircraft, 1,825 flights per year, a fuel savings factor of 0.003 kg/km per 1 kg weight reduction, and a fuel cost of $0.675 per kg—a 1 kg weight reduction would save:
- 3.42 kg of fuel per flight.
- 6,241.5 kg of fuel per year.
- Approximately $4,210 in fuel cost annually.
- 0.0945 kg of CO2 per 1,000 km.
This expanded methodology shows how to combine operational assumptions, per-flight fuel savings, and annual flight frequency to arrive at an estimated annual cost savings and emissions impact from a small weight reduction.
References:
- Eurocontrol Data Snapshots and aviation overview reports for traffic statistics and utilization trends
- Airbus and industry publications for aircraft utilization (flight hours and cycles) of A320-family short-haul jets
- IATA and ch-aviation data on European fleet sizes and airline counts
- Airline annual reports (e.g. easyJet, Ryanair) for utilization metrics corroborating these averages
Each source provides context for the typical operational tempo of short-haul aircraft in Europe.
Below is a list of sources and references that underpin the methodology and rule‐of‐thumb used in our fuel cost savings calculation. Note that the 3 g/km per kg reduction is a widely cited industry estimate that draws from multiple technical documents, industry reports, and academic studies. While not all sources state the figure explicitly, they provide the context for its use:
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Airbus A320neo Official Page:
https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/passenger-aircraft/a320-family/a320neo.html
(Offers technical specifications and performance data for the A320neo.) -
Boeing 737 MAX Official Page:
https://www.boeing.com/commercial/737max/
(Provides detailed performance information and technological enhancements for the 737 MAX family.) -
IATA (International Air Transport Association):
https://www.iata.org
(Contains reports and publications on fuel efficiency trends and environmental impact in commercial aviation.) -
International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT):
https://theicct.org
(Features research reports on aviation fuel efficiency improvements and emissions reductions.) -
Aviation Week & Space Technology:
https://aviationweek.com
(Industry articles and analyses on aircraft performance, weight reduction strategies, and fuel efficiency in narrow-body aircraft.) -
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov
(Search for technical papers related to fuel burn and weight optimization for commercial aircraft.) -
SAE International:
https://www.sae.org
(A resource for technical papers and studies on aerospace materials, weight reduction, and efficiency improvements.) -
FAA Advisory Circulars:
https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars
(Includes guidelines and data on aircraft weight, balance, and fuel efficiency.)
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